Antibody Elution (Protein A/G): Low-pH elution of IgG from Protein A/G resins while maintaining citrate buffering at pH 3.6.

Low-pH Viral Inactivation: Used for controlled low-pH hold steps to inactivate enveloped viruses in downstream bioprocessing.

HPLC/UPLC Mobile Phase Buffer: Serves as an acidic buffer for small-molecule and peptide separations, providing stable pH control.

Ion-Exchange Chromatography: Employed for pH-driven protein elution or column regeneration under acidic conditions.

Protein Formulation and Stability Studies: Provides a defined acidic environment to evaluate protein stability and aggregation.

Enzyme Assays at Acidic pH: Maintains consistent low pH for enzymes with acidic optima or for pH-dependent activity profiling.

Virus/Phage Elution from Surfaces: Acidic citrate buffer aids in eluting bound viral particles from membranes or matrices.

Immunostaining Antibody Stripping: Facilitates low-pH stripping of bound antibodies from tissues or cells for multiplex staining workflows.

Sample pH Adjustment and Buffer Exchange: Used to rapidly shift samples to pH 3.6 prior to neutralization or downstream processing.

Endotoxin-Sensitive Workflows: Endotoxin-tested, sterile buffer appropriate for cell culture-adjacent and bioproduction steps requiring low pyrogen levels.