Nucleic Acid Hybridization/Washes: Provides a dilute, low-ionic-strength buffer (1mM Sodium Citrate, pH 6.4) for high-stringency washes in Southern/Northern blotting.

PCR/qPCR Sample Dilution: Serves as a low-salt, pH-stable diluent to minimize inhibitor carryover in DNA/RNA amplification workflows.

RNA Handling: Mildly chelates divalent cations to help limit RNase activity during RNA preparation and storage.

Enzyme Assays: Maintains near-neutral pH and low ionic strength for metal-sensitive enzymes and kinetic measurements.

Protein Formulation: Acts as a gentle buffering and metal-chelating component to reduce aggregation in protein and antibody solutions.

Chromatography Buffers: Used as a low-ionic-strength mobile phase/additive in size-exclusion and ion-exchange workflows to control pH and metal interactions.

Endotoxin-Sensitive Workflows: Endotoxin-tested, sterile diluent for preparing reagents and samples in cell culture and immunoassays.

Endotoxin Testing (LAL): Employed as an endotoxin-free diluent/control buffer to minimize cation interference in LAL-based assays.

Microbiology Sample Handling: Gentle wash/resuspension buffer for Gram-negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa to preserve cell integrity.

Nano/Colloid Preparation: Utilized as a citrate source for stabilizing and controlling nucleation in colloidal nanoparticle syntheses.