Protein Purification (Ion Exchange): Maintains stable pH during binding and elution on anion/cation exchange columns.

Size-Exclusion Chromatography: Used to equilibrate and elute columns while preserving protein integrity at pH 7.0.

Enzyme Assays: Provides a consistent, phosphate-based pH 7.0 environment for enzymatic activity and kinetics.

Protein Storage and Dilution: Stabilizes proteins for short- to mid-term storage and formulation at neutral pH.

Dialysis and Buffer Exchange: Serves as a receiving buffer to remove salts or change sample conditions.

Nucleic Acid Handling: Used for DNA/RNA dilution and storage at neutral pH to minimize hydrolysis.

HPLC/UPLC Aqueous Phase: Functions as a reproducible, UV-transparent mobile phase component at pH 7.0.

Immunoassays (e.g., ELISA): Suitable for antibody and reagent dilution where phosphate buffers are specified.

Microbial Sample Preparation: Sterile buffer for resuspension and dilution of bacterial samples (e.g., Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis).

Spectrophotometry: Used as a blank and for preparing standards in absorbance-based assays.