PCR and qPCR Optimization: Used to adjust monovalent salt concentration (e.g., 50–100 mM KCl) to improve primer annealing specificity and polymerase performance.

Electrode Filling and Calibration: Serves as a standard filling and storage solution for Ag/AgCl reference and pH electrodes, ensuring stable junction potentials.

Ion-Exchange Chromatography: Utilized to create salt gradients for protein elution and to control ionic strength during column equilibration and wash steps.

Buffer Preparation: Provides controlled ionic strength in Tris, HEPES, and phosphate buffers for biochemical and molecular biology workflows.

Enzyme Assays: Maintains optimal ionic strength and supplies potassium ions for enzymes (e.g., kinases), improving activity and reproducibility.

Electrophysiology Solutions: Used to prepare high-potassium internal/external solutions and to calibrate potassium ion-selective electrodes.

Cell Culture and Media Formulation: Adjusts potassium levels and osmolarity in physiological salt solutions and customized media.

Oligonucleotide Annealing: Controls monovalent cation concentration to promote stable duplex formation during cloning and hybridization workflows.