Ion-Exchange Chromatography (IEX) Elution: High-salt MES buffer for eluting bound proteins from cation- or anion-exchange resins at pH 6.5.

Antibody Purification (Polishing): Disrupts non-specific ionic interactions during polishing steps to recover antibodies and Fc-fusion proteins.

Affinity Purification Wash/Elution: High ionic strength wash to remove non-specific binders from IMAC, Protein A/G, and tag-based resins without pH shocks.

Virus and VLP Elution: Elutes AAV and other viral particles from anion-exchange membranes/columns using salt-driven desorption at pH 6.5.

Protein Stabilization in Fractions: Maintains solubility and minimizes aggregation of moderately acidic/neutral proteins post-elution.

Membrane Protein and Nucleoprotein Purification: Reduces electrostatic sticking to matrices and aggregates during downstream steps.

Bacterial Lysate Cleanup: Clarifies and conditions eluted fractions from Escherichia coli (E. coli) expression by minimizing non-specific ionic interactions.

Chromatography Method Development: Benchmark elution buffer for salt-step and gradient optimization around pH 6.5.