Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR): Standard running buffer for Biacore assays, minimizing nonspecific binding and stabilizing analytes during kinetic measurements.

Bio-Layer Interferometry (BLI): Used as an assay and wash buffer on biosensor platforms to reduce surface fouling and improve binding specificity.

Protein–Protein Interaction Studies: Maintains physiological ionic strength and pH while EDTA suppresses metal-dependent artifacts and Tween-20 limits hydrophobic sticking.

Antibody–Antigen Binding Assays: Provides a consistent environment for affinity/kinetic analyses and sample dilution in immunoassay development.

ELISA/Immunoassay Wash Buffer: Low Tween-20 level reduces nonspecific adsorption without disrupting specific interactions.

Protein Sample Dilution/Formulation: Stabilizes recombinant proteins (e.g., from E. coli) by minimizing aggregation and metal-catalyzed degradation.

Size-Exclusion Chromatography (SEC): Employed as mobile phase/equilibration buffer to preserve native complexes and reduce column interactions.

Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) and Aggregation Screening: Supports reproducible hydrodynamic size measurements by limiting protein self-association.

Enzyme Assays (non–metal dependent): Provides stable pH/ionic conditions while EDTA inhibits metalloproteases and other metal-dependent contaminants.

General Lab Wash/Rinse for Sensitive Surfaces: Tween-20 helps prevent nonspecific adsorption on plastics and sensor chips during handling.