Reagent and Buffer Preservation: Sterile, GMP-grade antimicrobial preservative to prevent growth of bacteria (e.g., Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus) and fungi in laboratory solutions.

Antibody and Protein Storage: Added to storage buffers to inhibit microbial contamination during long-term storage of proteins and antibodies (not recommended with HRP-conjugates).

Microbiology Selective Media: Used in azide-containing media to suppress Gram-negative bacteria (e.g., Escherichia coli), facilitating recovery of azide-tolerant organisms such as Enterococcus and Streptococcus.

Enzyme Inhibition Studies: Employed as a cytochrome c oxidase inhibitor to study mitochondrial respiration and oxidative phosphorylation pathways.

Assay and Buffer Biocide: Maintains sterility of assay buffers, wash solutions, and reference standards without filtration or autoclaving.

Cell and Tissue Workflow Buffers: Preservative in blocking, staining, and wash buffers for IHC/IF and flow cytometry workflows (avoid when peroxidase activity is required).

Instrument and Water Bath Maintenance: Added in small amounts to water baths and instrument reservoirs to deter microbial growth.

Sample and Reagent Shipping Stability: Helps maintain sterility of shipped aqueous materials at room temperature within labeled shelf-life.